Sustainability Of Human Want Atlantic Seals - 932 Words

Sustainability of Human Want Atlantic seals are hunted and killed humanely and inhumanely every day in Canada. The issue has caused a plethora of controversy in the international community; depicting if seal hunting should cease or continue. In Glavin s An Enviro s Case for Seal Hunt he supports the murder of seals; however, he only supports it for human consumption, but not the sport. Glavin s tone of writing is very biased and his argument is all sorts of information pulled together that do not relate; all of his supporting arguments are far – fetched and do not correspond. Glavin poorly supports his position due to the fact that, he does not connect his information to his argument and he uses four of the ten common logical fallacies; such as red herring, false analogy, confirmation bias, and ‘it doesn t follow . Glavin uses a fallacy of irrelevance to the hunting of seals attempting to distract the reader with colossal names. Glavin starts one of the paragraphs with l isting off a bunch of organizations without explaining their significance. Using massive names it gives the illusion that Glavin has people agreeing with his statement. Whereas, his list only appeals to authority and he never connects this list to his argument or gives the source of this information. Glavin argues the point of sustainability; one, his view of sustainability is the ‘right of humans . In other words, human rights prevail over the rights of animals. and two, Glavin gives a poorShow MoreRelatedCase: Chester Wayne Essay18738 Words   |  75 PagesGlobal Sustainability Eastman Kodak Company 2010 Annual Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Report Scope 3 Leadership Message 6 Company Profile 10 Goals 12 Performance Data 14 Compliance 15 Sustainability Framework 21 Governance 26 Innovation 31 Stewardship 41 Engagement 50 External Recognition 51 About the Photographs SCOPE OF REPORT SCOPE OF REPORT Kodak is pleased to present our fifth annual Global Sustainability Report, as well as our 21st public report to include health, safety and environmentalRead MoreCompetitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance65536 Words   |  263 PagesChapter 1: Competitive Strategy: The Core Concepts 3 The Structural Analysis of Industries 4 Industry Structure and Buyer Needs 6 Generic Competitive Strategies 7 Cost Leadership 8 Differentiation 9 Focus 9 Stuck In The Middle 10 Sustainability 12 RISKS OF COST LEADERSHIP 12 RISKS 12 OF DIFFERENTIATION 12 RISKS 12 OF 12 FOCUS 12 Generic Strategies and Industry Evolution 13 Generic Strategies and Organizational Structure 14 Generic Strategies and Strategic Planning ProcessRead MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 Pageseffect? 2. 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Personal Reflections Free Essays

Jeremiah learned a lesson that is its deep understanding of the limitations of human beings that we cannot live a decent and satisfying life without constant guidance of Almighty God. Through the book of Jeremiah, who first taught me is, how servants of God are called to serve Him and how the Almighty chose to serve his servant from the womb itself. â€Å"Now the word of the Lord came to me saying, ‘Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Reflections or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Jeremiah 1: 5). Jeremiah the Prophet was commissioned from the womb of his mother for his sacred duty. There are some things here that is beautiful and wonderful, when we consider what it says about the knowledge of God. God told Jeremiah that he â€Å"knew† before he was created in the womb. He already knows the strengths and weaknesses of Jeremiah. He knew that Jeremiah would be what God wants to use during certain periods of the history of Israel. Every servant of God had their own commissioned to serve Him in various office. Strong Relationship with GodJeremiah has a long-term relationship with God. Over time, he learned to inspire and trust him with positive results from many experiments that took place in the office. The righteous prophets, who tell the truth about the national condition, are not human. Jeremiah has some real friends. But God is the first in the life of this prophet. He knows and obeys God as Creator. Jeremiah was chosen to record one of the deepest parts of the Bible by God. â€Å"Thus says the Lord:† Give to the wise not to praise his wisdom, not to give a strong glory to man in his power, nor to leave the glory of riches and riches? But he who glorifies this glory, who understands and knows me, who God is, makes love, judgment, and justice on earth. (Jeremiah 9: 23-24). Jeremiah the Rescuer Despite the different circumstances, the prophet Jeremiah lived in a period of national chaos at a time when it looked like the current climate of uncertainty and anxiety. The faith, according to Jeremiah, is supported and supported by God’s personal commitment to him. Jeremiah says â€Å"Then the Lord returned his hand and touched my mouth, and the Lord said, â€Å"Behold, I have put my words in your mouth. Today, I have made all these nations and over the kingdom, destroy and exterminate, build and (9-10)†. We can see the contents of the book itself, which Jeremiah prophesied during the period of sudden decline and ultimately the capture of the country of Judah. This is a prominent voice in the expression of God’s matter for his people. Over the course of about 40 years, Jeremiah prophesied during the reign of the five different kings of Judah by the worthy Josiah. Guide trouble with it, let Jeremiah learned a few lessons about the nature of God and the very human condition that men and women of the this century must understand and acknowledge the commission of God given to them and to save nations or people.Relying on  God alone.Most of the time we forgot to relying on God when the time of persecutions. But in this book teach us, despite the severe persecution of his people, Jeremiah knew that the Supreme Lord was the absolute control of these events. Many compatriots do not, and some of them continue to weaken their message, directly from the Creator. But God had said: â€Å"I am watching to see that my word is fulfilled† (Jeremiah 1:12,  NIV).Our Creator has a clear planning and purpose for the salvation of mankind. Some things in this world make sense only if we accept this fact. For all Judah, who were attending the day of Jeremiah, God promised them that he would bless them when they were captured in Babylon. â€Å"For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, says the  LORD, thoughts of peace and not of evil, to give you a future and a hope. Then you will call upon Me and go and pray to Me, and I will listen to you† (Jeremiah 29:11-12).Great commisionGod does not like to punish Judah for national and personal sin. He sent prophets to warn them in advance, but the nation has ignored. â€Å"In vain I have chastened your children; they received no correction† (Jeremiah 2:30). So, national captivity became a necessity. What are the teachings of our world today? What we can learn by this? Of cause it’s become the reflection of today’s world. Before the disaster of Judah, Jeremiah expressed repentance by the people for the people of his. â€Å"Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place† (Jeremiah 7:3). God calls people to conversion and personal Judah nations (verses 4-7), but it did not happen. We can get it that many benefits from the guidance of His constant regardless of how bad the country was left. â€Å"O Lord, correct me, but with justice; do with your anger, lest thou not think do not matter† (Jeremiah 10:24). Can pray the same prayer today for our country Malaysia? Yes we can because God the Almighty is the same yesterday-today- and tomorrow. Surely he will listen to our prayer. Accept the Rebuke.Jeremiah was human and had failings, but at least he honestly admitted them to God. Instead of piously covering up his true feeling, he pour out his heart to the Lord and the Lord answer him. He asks God, that he wonders why the pain and loneliness seem to be unending! He wonders whether God will fail him. Will God be like an unreliable and seasonal brook? God’s answer may shock the prophet, for the Lord told him he needed to repent, if he repent God will restore him that he may serve the Lord, if Jeremiah utter worthy, not worthless, word, so that he may be the spokesman. The Lord always balance rebuke with assurance. He promised once again to make Jeremiah a fortified wall and give him victory over all enemies. Jeremiah had to learn to walk by faith, which meant obeying God’s word no matter how he felt, what he saw, or what people might do to him. God never promised Jeremiah an easy job, but He did promise Jeremiah all that he need to do His work faithfully. God reminds Jeremiah that the suffering he has experienced is exactly like what God had told him. Jeremiah then, is not to crumble in the face of adversity but rather redouble his commitment to his prophetic vocation. Persecution has not derailed God’s promise to deliver and vindicate (verse 20), and God reminds Jeremiah that his perseverance is the very vehicle by which the people are won over to repentance (verse 19). Conclusion Is it incredible for God’s chosen servants to be weak and harm their own ministries? No. Because every servant of God is a human being and is subject to the weakness of human nature. Example; Moses became discouraged and wanted to die (No. 11: 10-15); Joshua was willing to stop and leave the land of promise (Jos 7: 6-11), Elijah even left his place of duty and hoped to die (1 Kings 19) and Jonah was angry and he refused to help the person he came to rescue (Jonah 4). God does not want us to ignore our feelings, because it will make us less than human beings, but He wants us to trust Him to change our feelings and to walk with faith in Him.The book of Jeremiah teaches that honesty and faithfulness in the midst of suffering are signs of prophetic service and a lesson that is its deep understanding of the limitations of human beings that we cannot live a decent and satisfying life without constant guidance of Almighty God. The announcement of the prophet to his initial call was a way in which God would carry out his redemptive work in the world and reaffirm the promises of liberation. How to cite Personal Reflections, Papers

Malthus` Population Essay Example For Students

Malthus` Population Essay There is a major conflict today that people struggle with. This conflict is population. Malthus says, â€Å"that the population when unchecked goes on doubling itself every twenty-five years† (1993: 196). The question, â€Å"Are there too many people in the world,† is often asked after hearing Malthus’ fact in hopes to get a real, straight forward answer. This question sometimes strikes fear in the people or person, which must answer it. Since this is such a controversial issue this question can be determined by two possible answers: yes and no. There are many reasons why â€Å"yes† could answer this question of over population. An obvious clue to deciding whether or not there are too many people is the lack of nutritious food in some countries. This lack of food is caused b two possible factors. First, the people in other wealthier places inhabiting the earth are taking up much of the more nutritious foods. Secondly, people and the growing industries inha bit the land needed for growing food. Here locally in the United States the congested traffic is a population problem. Too many people cause too much traffic. From this traffic lies another potential answers to the over populated areas, pollution. This pollution factor plays an important role in deciding this age-old question of over population. The amount of population on the earth is a direct correlation towards the idea of â€Å"too many people†. Pollution will increase if the amounts of people increase. Another clue for over population would be technology. People from all around the world have been pulled towards higher technological areas so that their families and themselves may eventually prosper. The population increase due to technology seems to run its course through the population like how a snowball greatens in size. Like a snowball, technology works in this way: once a person creates something new someone else takes that idea and tries to make it bigger and bette r. Likewise people will live where technology continues to improve upon itself. For instance the oil Edwin Drake drilled. This oil which he found made it easier to run tractors, which now makes it cheaper to produce food (Hardin: 1993, 194). This new and improved technology has kept the population size up also because people are now living longer. Keeping people well and alive has made the population grow on account of technology. Technology not only increases the population but also aids in the depression of higher populated areas. One change the technological increase has made in the depression of over populated areas is the amount of children a family must have to survive. These families in the past had many children so that they could be used as â€Å"employees†. For instance, if a family lost one child the family had other children to take the place of the lost â€Å"employee†. Where technology comes into play is that this new technological advancement has lessened the amount of children a family should have to survive. Hence, more technology means less â€Å"employees† a family must need. This decrease in family members has made more room for jobs. Today there are more jobs than there are people to fulfill them. This proves that there are jobs available if people need them but some people are not willing to find or take these jobs. Therefore there is plenty of room for the world’s populations to not only survive but also to prosper. There has also been another concern for the wo rld, the depletion of natural resources. But, because there are not too many people in the world the supply of natural resources, which are used by every person all over the world every single day, the depletion of natural resources has not been completely used. Here again locally in the United States most of the living conditions are not bad. Many people in the United States have a stable home. The percentage of homeless people is a mere .2% in the United States (Enth and National Alliance to End Homelessness). Not all of the homes are extravagant, but all the homes provide shelter. The land that these homes and industries are built on is abundant. Even though some of the land now is not able to inhabit living creatures or people, if the crisis came up of a shortage of land there could be useable land available. Point being, that yes, some of the inhibited land is not capable of living things no one has had to even begun trying to inhabit the jungles or sometimes frozen land. So to answer the question with no is just as legit to answer the question with yes. .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 , .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .postImageUrl , .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 , .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:hover , .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:visited , .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:active { border:0!important; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:active , .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5 .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c5a253fe93008e139f7f780ebfe26b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Julius Caesar – Mark Antony Essay SummaryOn account of the question, â€Å"Are there too many people in the world†, the answers yes and no are apparent. There are many reasons that side towards yes. But, there are just as many reasons why no could be the answer to the question. In conclusion the answer to the question all depends on how one looks at it. Social Issues

The Roman Legion 24Ad Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Roman Legion, 24Ad Essay, Research Paper The Roman Legion 14 AD-235 AD The Roman Republic was established in 509 B.C. and lasted until 27 B.C. when the Roman Empire replaced it. During the Roman Republic the Roman ground forces was deliberately composed of landholders. The Roman doctrine behind this strategic manoeuvre revolved around the belief that landholders would support their belongings and state more scrupulously than those who had no vested involvement. The policy of utilizing landholders in the ground forces continued until Rome began to spread out its boundary lines. Soldiers were deployed overseas to protect the lands that had fallen to Roman conquering every bit good as to occupy new lands. As a consequence of its expansionist policies Rome needed more soldiers that it could supply by utilizing landholders. Further justification for a alteration in policy was that Romans sent oversees were non needfully as vigilant in respect to protecting land in their ownership since that land was far from where they were stationed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Roman Legion 24Ad Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This made the usage of landholders no more good than that of non-landowners. The land proprietor demand was accordingly dropped in 107 B.C. Rome began to use alternate schemes in staffing their great ground forcess. When Rome conquered a state they made the conquered peoples citizens of Rome and as such the people of the states could volunteer and function in the ground forces. Since land ownership was no longer a requirement, the lower categories were allowed to come in the ground forces besides and these voluntaries developed into a loyal, professional ground forces. The ground forces grew in Numberss until about 20 B.C. when it was approximately 300,000 strong. The size of the ground forces remained at about the same Numberss until the autumn of the imperium. The Roman ground forces was divided into elements called hosts. A host consisted of from 4,000 to 6,000 work forces harmonizing to different clip periods. During the Roman Empire the emperor appointed a general to command each host. The general, in bend, was allowed six commissioned officers as Plutos. These Plutos were known as tribunes. Somewhere ver 60 non-commissioned officers called centurions, the equivalent of the sergeant in the contemporary U.S. military, served under the tribunes. The centurions were effectual leaders of the ground forces. Each centurion was in charge of about 100 work forces in a subdivision called a century. When traveling into conflict the host would organize into 120 work forces groups called a maniple. The host conflict formation would be three rows of maniples. In the forepart row the maniples would go forth a infinite equivalent to another maniple between each maniple. The forepart row would run into the enemy force and throw their lances so attack with blades. This would let the 2nd row to bear down into the empty infinite left between the assailing front row maniples and give support with a 2nd moving ridge after initial contact by the forepart row. The 3rd row would so come in the battle and with thrusting lances secure the conflict. These tactics along with the well-trained professional soldiers made the Roman army one of the greatest combat forces in history. If efficiency can be gauged by the acquisition of land, the efficiency of the Roman Empire would worsen slightly between the first and 3rd centuries A.D. During this period there were 25 Roman emperors. Although the Roman Empire was at its tallness of power and prosperity between A.D. 96 and 180 during the reign of Antonines, the Empire expanded its territory really small after the deat H of Augustus in A.D. 14. The period get downing with the reign of Augustus in 27 B.C. and widening 200 old ages into Rome s hereafter became known as the Pax Romana ( The Roman Peace ) . This was a period of great stableness for the Roman Empire. Warfare did go on but it was slightly less intense and frequent. In this regard it would be more appropriate to measure the efficiency of the Roman hosts as one of stabilisation non of decline. During the peace, nevertheless, some major engagements did occur. On Augustus decease Tiberius, who was non merely Augustus stepson but besides his son-in-law, became the emperor of Rome ( Asimov 196 ) . His way to the throne leaves many inquiries which are certain to entertain historiographers good into the hereafter but he would sagely follow the footfalls of Augustus in non occupying Britain, judging that the Empire was already excessively extended ( Goldsmith PG ) . Tiberius was succeeded by Caligula and so by Claudius. Caligula would content himself with idle menaces against Britain but take no existent action ( Goldsmith PG ) . Emperor Claudius would, nevertheless, invade Britain in A.D. 43 and Trajan conquered Dacia in A.D. 106 ( Connor PG ) . Even in the ill-famed British invasion the strength of warfare which erupted was nil to fit that of the Empire s earlier history ( Connor PG ) . Some say that Britain welcomed the invasion with unfastened weaponries recognizing the possi ble benefit of Roman regulation ( Connor PG ) . The Roman foreparts were expeditiously manned but all-in-all the likeliness of a legionary engaging in serious warfare decreased during the clip period of the Roman Peace. Get downing with the reign of Marcus Aurelius in A.D. 161 the stableness of the Roman Peace would get down to worsen. Emperor Marcus Aurelous was threatened by encroachers from Germany in the North and the Parthians from the E. Aurelius would be succeeded to the throne by his boy, Commodus. With the decease of Commodus in 192 the Roman Empire would see serious break. During a 50 twelvemonth period, crossing between 235 to 284 A.D. , 60 different emperors would do their manner to the throne prehending power by force. This would be the terminal of the Roman Peace and the terminal of Roman stableness. Decisions The history of the Roman Empire contains periods of much convulsion interspersed with periods of great stableness. While it was true that Augustus himself preferred peaceable methods to warlike methods, his reign had seen much bloodshed ( Grant 160 ) . Consequently, the Roman imperium saw much enlargement and patterned advances during his the reign of Augustus. The Eastern Frontier was pushed frontward, Galatia was formed, Numidia was annexed and Roman troops reached the Elbe River and these were merely a little parts of the triumph of Augustus and of Rome ( Grant 160 ) . During the reign of Augustus the opportunities of a host non meeting serious warfare was little. In contrast, the period get downing in A.D. 14 was a period of great stableness and comparatively small serious warfare. The period get downing with the reign of Marcus Aurelius in A.D. 161 would one time once more go a period of turbulency for the Roman Empire. One emperor after another would contend his manner to the t hrone and the armed forces would be shaken from the changeless alteration in power and policy. Although there was still small external warfare of any significance, there were menaces by ground forcess occupying the Empire. The Roman Empire was get downing a slow spiral of diminution, a diminution which would stop with its death over 200 old ages subsequently in 476 A.D.

Role of Kapos in Nazi Concentration Camps

Role of Kapos in Nazi Concentration Camps Kapos, called Funktionshftling by the SS, were prisoners who collaborated with the Nazis to serve in leadership or administrative roles over others interned in the same Nazi concentration camp. How Nazis Used Kapos The vast system of Nazi concentration camps in occupied Europe was under the control of the SS (Schutzstaffel). While there were many SS who staffed the camps, their ranks were supplemented with local auxiliary troops and prisoners. Prisoners that were chosen to be in these higher positions served in the role of Kapos. The origin of the term â€Å"Kapo† is not definitive.  Some historians believe it was directly transferred from the Italian word â€Å"capo† for â€Å"boss,† while others point to more indirect roots in both German and French.  In the Nazi concentration camps, the term Kapo was first used at Dachau from which it spread to the other camps. Regardless of the origin, Kapos played a vital role in the Nazi camp system as a large number of prisoners within the system required constant oversight.  Most Kapos were put in charge of a prisoner work gang, called Kommando. It was the Kapos job to brutally force prisoners to do forced labor, despite the prisoners being sick and starving. Facing prisoner against prisoner served two goals for the SS: it allowed them to meet a labor need while simultaneously furthering tensions between various groups of prisoners. Cruelty Kapos were, in many instances, even crueler than the SS themselves.  Because their tenuous position depended on the satisfaction of the SS, many Kapos took extreme measures against their fellow prisoners to maintain their privileged positions. Pulling most Kapos from the pool of prisoners interned for violent criminal behavior also allowed this cruelty to flourish.  While there were Kapos whose original internment was for asocial, political, or racial purposes (such as Jews), the vast majority of Kapos were criminal internees. Survivor memoirs and recollections relate varying experiences with Kapos.  A select few, such as Primo Levi  and Victor Frankl, credit a certain Kapo with ensuring their survival or helping them get slightly better treatment; while others, such as Elie Wiesel, share a far more common experience of cruelty.   Early in Wiesel’s camp experience at Auschwitz, he encounters, Idek, a cruel Kapo. Wiesel relates in Night: One day when Idek was venting his fury, I happened to cross his path. He threw himself on me like a wild beast, beating me in the chest, on my head, throwing me to the ground and picking me up again, crushing me with ever more violent blows, until I was covered in blood. As I bit my lips in order not to howl with pain, he must have mistaken my silence for defiance and so he continued to hit me harder and harder.  Abruptly, he calmed down and sent me back to work as if nothing had happened. In his book,  Mans Search for Meaning,  Frankl also tells of a Kapo known simply as The Murderous Capo. Kapos Had Privileges The privileges of being a Kapo varied from camp to camp but almost always resulted in better living conditions and a reduction in physical labor.   In the larger camps, such as Auschwitz, Kapos received separate rooms within the communal barracks, which they would often share with a self-selected assistant.   Kapos also received better clothing, better rations, and the ability to supervise labor rather than actively participate in it.  Kapos were sometimes able to use their positions to also procure special items within the camp system such as cigarettes, special foods, and alcohol.   A prisoner’s ability to please the Kapo or establish a rare rapport with him/her could, in many instances, meant the difference between life and death. Levels of Kapos In the larger camps, there were several different levels within the â€Å"Kapo† designation.  Some of the titles deemed as Kapos included: Lagerltester (camp leader): Within the various sections of large camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, the Lagerltester oversaw the entire section and served largely in administrative roles.  This was the highest of all prisoner positions and came with the most privileges.Blockltester (block leader): A position that was common in most camps, the Blockltester was responsible for the administration and discipline of an entire barracks.  This position customarily afforded its holder with a private room (or one shared with an assistant) and better rations.Stubenlteste (section leader): Oversaw portions of large barracks such as those in Auschwitz I and reported to the Blockltester about specific needs related to the barrack’s prisoners. At Liberation At the time of liberation, some Kapos were beaten and killed by the fellow prisoners that they had spent months or years tormenting, but in most cases, Kapos moved on with their lives in a similar fashion to other victims of Nazi persecution.   A few found themselves on trial in post-war West Germany as part of the U.S. military trials held there, but this was the exception, not the norm.  In one of the Auschwitz trials of the 1960s, two Kapos were found guilty of murder and cruelty and sentenced to life in prison. Others were tried in East Germany and Poland but without much success.  The only known court-sanctioned executions of Kapos occurred in immediate post-war trials in Poland, where five of seven men convicted for their roles as Kapos had their death sentences carried out. Ultimately, historians and psychiatrists are still exploring the role of Kapos as more information becomes available through recently released archives from the East. Their role as prisoner functionaries within the Nazi concentration camp system was vital to its success but this role, like many in the Third Reich, is not without its complexities.   Kapos are viewed as both opportunists and survivalists, and their complete history may never be known.

James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Colony

James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Colony James Oglethorpe was one of the founders of the Georgia Colony. Born on December 22, 1696, he became well known as a soldier, politician, and social reformer.   Driven to the Soldier's Life Oglethorpe started his military career as a teenager when he joined in the fight against the Turks with the Holy Roman Empire. In 1717, he was aide-de-camp to Prince Eugene of Savoy and fought in the successful siege of Belgrade.   Years afterward when he helped found and colonize Georgia, he would serve as the general of its forces. In 1739, he was involved in the War of Jenkins Ear. He unsuccessfully attempted to take St. Augustine from the Spanish twice, though he was able to defeat a large counterattack by the Spanish. Back in England, Oglethorpe fought in the Jacobite rebellion in 1745 for which he was almost court-martialed due to his units lack of success. He tried to fight in the Seven Years War but was denied a commission by the British. Not to be left out, he took on a different name and fought with the Prussians in the war.   Long Political Career In 1722, Oglethorpe left his first military commission to join Parliament. He would serve in the House of Commons for the next 30 years. He was a fascinating social reformer, helping impressed sailors and investigating the terrible condition of debtors prisons. This last cause was especially important to him as a good friend died in such a prison.   He became a staunch opponent of slavery early in his career, a stance he would hold the rest of his life. Even though he was an elected member of parliament, he chose to accompany the first settlers to Georgia in 1732. While he traveled back some to England, he did not permanently return to England until 1743. It was only after the attempted court martial mentioned earlier that he lost his seat in Parliament in 1754.   Founding the Georgia Colony The idea for the founding of Georgia was to create a haven for Englands poor along with creating a buffer between the French and Spanish and the other English colonies. Thus in 1732, Georgia was founded. Oglethorpe was not only a member of its Board of Trustees but was also among its first settlers. He personally chose and founded Savannah as the first town. He took an unofficial role of the colonys governor and directed most decisions about the new colonys local administration and defense. The new settlers took to calling Oglethorpe Father. However, eventually, the colonists grew upset against his stern rule but also his stance against slavery which they felt put them at an economic disadvantage compared to the rest of the colonies. In addition, the costs associated with the new colony were questioned by the other trustees back in England.   By 1738, Oglethorpes duties were curtailed, and he was left with being the general of the combined Georgia and South Carolina forces. As previously discovered, he was deeply involved in the War of Jenkins Ear leading campaigns against the Spanish. When he failed to take St. Augustine, he went back to England never to return to the New World.   Elder Statesman and Champion of the Colonies Oglethorpe never wavered in his support for the rights of American colonists. He befriended many in England who also espoused their cause such as Samuel Johnson and Edmund Burke.  After the American Revolution when John Adams was sent to England as an ambassador, Oglethorpe met with him despite his advanced years. He died soon after this meeting at the age of 88.

BEA System and CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BEA System and CSR - Essay Example A more current understanding of the managerial concept implies the achieving of core organisational objectives through the activities of other people. In this definition, it is clearly reflected that the manager in an organisation is not required to conduct business activities by oneself. Rather such a person can manage business activities through supervising the acts of other people working under him. The above discussion henceforth holds management as a special skill or art which is practised by the managers to fulfil organisational objectives through the acts of others (Peel, 1994, p.1-4; Liebler and McConnell, 2004, p.51-53). Having discussed the emergence and development of the management concept the focus is now rendered on one of the approaches to the management science known as the model for Competing Values Framework. It is found by different management experts like Quinn that the different approaches to management that had emerged with the development of scientific management had some common traits which helped the concepts to merge with each other. This merging of the concepts gave birth to a composite model known as the Competing Values Framework which is considered the appropriate model for future managerial uses. This model is considered best for future managerial applications owing to the prevalence of different types of mindsets which are closely integrated to help business managers to compete effectively with the competing and dynamic current business environment.

Demand and Supply Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Demand and Supply Analysis - Essay Example b) The relationship between the quantity demanded and the price is of negative relationship while that between quantity supplied and price shows a positive relationship. Quantity demanded of a commodity according to the theoretical information is the quantity of a commodity that a buyer is willing and able to purchase at the prevailing market prices (McEachern, 2011). When prices go up few buyers will be willing to buy depending on the nature of the good. This shown by the negative gradient depicted by the demand function of -2, it means that for every 1 unit increase in price quantity demanded reduces by 2 units. Quantity supplied on the other hand is with reference to suppliers and producers. It is defined as the quantity of goods and services that a provider is willing and able to produce and supply at the prevailing market prices (McEachern, 2011). Suppliers are always willing to supply more when prices are high as opposed to when they go down. This is depicted by the positive gr adient of the supply curve of +1. This means that if prices are increased by 1 unit, quantity supplied also increases by 1 unit. c) The slope of the demand function is -2; this means that an increase in price by 1 unit solicits a reduction in quantity demanded by 2 units. d) The slope of the supply function is of +1. This means that an increase in price by 1 unit solicits an increase in quantity supplied by the same unit. 12. ... 1. Among the ten countries, price elasticity of demand for food is high in Tanzania and it decreases sequentially with Tanzania having the highest price elasticity all the way to the US having the lowest elasticity. This is explained by the general principle that with general increase in income demand for food normally goes down while that of luxury and junky foods goes up (Tucker, 2008). Developing countries still have a population that is still of the need of basic needs like food, this explains the reason as to why developing countries like Tanzania have high price elasticity of demand. Both the quantity demanded and supplied of the commodities in Tanzania is composed of food and food products. The agricultural products also add to the supply of food into the economy (Tucker, 2008). Consumers in developing countries with relation to food are related to then food prices and their income. Rise in income in such countries leads to an increased consumption. Changes in prices also thre aten the food consumption patterns in such countries. The only food consumption that is not threatened is that of basic staple foods. This implies that there is high purchase of foods and foodstuffs in Tanzania than the same is for the US. High purchases are realized in staple foods. On the contrary, consumption of high value foods like meat experiences high purchases in the US (McEachern, 2011). 2. Fig. 2: Tax effect on demand and Supply 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Before taxation is imposed on the commodity, the equilibrium quantity is Qe while the equilibrium price is Pe. Tax has the tendency of normally increasing prices of commodities as well as

Reading of the modernists involved such a process of disturbance Essay Example for Free

Reading of the modernists involved such a process of disturbance Essay Modernist writers disturbed their readers by adopting complex and difficult new forms and styles. To what extent has your reading of the modernists involved such a process of disturbance? Modernist literature flaunts difficult, often aggressive or disruptive, forms and styles; it frequently challenges traditional realistic style and is characterised by a rejection of 19th century traditions. Literary modernism focuses on breaking away from rules and conventions, searching for new perspectives and points of view, experimenting in form and style. It breaks up and disturbs the settled state of literature and emphasises a re-structuring of literature and the experience of reality it represents. Although art always attempts to imitate or represent reality, what changed was the understanding of what constitutes reality, and how that reality could best be represented. Modernist literature is marked by a break with the sequential, developmental, cause-and-effect presentation of the reality of realist fiction, towards a presentation of experience as layered, allusive, and discontinuous: using, to these ends, fragmentation and juxtaposition, motif, symbol, allusion. From time to time there occurs some revolution, or sudden mutation of form and content in literature. Then, some way of writing which has been practiced for a generation or more, is found by a few people to be out of date, and no longer to respond to contemporary modes of thought, feeling and speechtradition has been flouted, and chaos has come.1 This process of disturbance can be seen in the experimentation in form in order to present differently the structure, the connections, and the experience of life. The tightening of form puts an emphasis on cohesion, interrelatedness and depth in the structure of the novel. This is accomplished in part through the use of various devices such as symbolism, narrative perspectives, shifts and overlays in time and place and perspective. Woolf uses these methods to explore what lies outside the specification of the real. Woolf draws on an interior and symbolic landscape: the world is moved inside, structured symbolically and metaphorically, as opposed to the realist representations of the exterior world as a physical and historical, site of experience. The painter Jacques Raverat wrote in a correspondence to Woolf: The problem with writing is that it is essentially linear; it is almost impossible, in a sequential narrative, to express the way ones mind responds to an idea, a word or an experience, where, like a pebble being thrown in to a pond, splashes in the outer air are accompanied under the surface by waves that follow one another into dark and forgotten corners2 Woolf felt it was precisely the task of the writer to go beyond a linear representation of reality in order to show how people think and dream. Rather than take her characters from point A to point B, Woolf gives the impression of simultaneous connections: a form patterned like waves in a pond. She reveals what is important about her characters by exploring their minds and the thoughts of those surrounding them. Such explorations lead to complex connections between people, between past and present, and between interior and exterior experience. Woolf establishes these connections through metaphors and imagery, and structures the novel using alternating images of beauty and despair, exhilaration and melancholy. These juxtapositions suggest both the impulse towards life and the impulse towards death, which makes the process of reading disconcerting and recondite. Woolf dispensed with conventional beginnings and endings, and the traditional structure of events in time, for example, Mrs Dalloway tells about one days experiences for two characters whose lives are not connected with each other, except by the slightest coincidence at the end. Woolf uses perceived time interwoven with clock time to create a simultaneous experience of past and present. The scene is London after the war, but also Bourton thirty years ago. In this commingling of time, the past exists on its own and in its relations to the present. Time is moved into the interior as well: it becomes psychological time, time as an innerly experienced or symbolic time, or time as it accommodates a symbolic rather than a chronological reality. Examining the intersection of time and timelessness, Woolf creates a new and disturbing novelistic structure in Mrs. Dalloway wherein her prose has blurred the distinction between dream and reality, between the past and present. An authentic human being functions in this manner, simultaneously flowing from the conscious to the unconscious, from the fantastic to the real, and from memory to the moment. Throughout Mrs Dalloway the focus continually shifts from the external world to the characters consciousness and how they perceive it. This has the disquieting effect of back grounding observable reality so the details emerge more slowly than when they are presented by an omniscient narrator. However, the London setting is established immediately, the streets and landmarks are real, this verisimilitude of setting seems to give the characters a solidity which is juxtaposed with the fluidity of the depiction of the characters thought processes. Mrs Dalloway supposes that somehow in the streets of London, on the ebb and flow of things, here, there, she survived3 The fact that the narrative takes place on a specific date is disclosed more gradually than the setting is, for example, Clarissa thinks For it was the middle of June. The war was over4 and then the narrator tells us it is Wednesday on page fifteen. Later still Peter Walshs thoughts reveal that it is 19235. There are also references to Gold cup day at Ascot so by naming a specific year Woolf turns what could have been a fictional fact in to a real one. Woolf implies a concept of time as a series of life conjunctures rather than impersonal. These are established by the presence of sensory phenomena in different contexts such as the sound of Big Ben, the common perceptions among unrelated observers, for instance, the prime ministers car. Also, by convergences at occasions of group activities as in Clarissas party. Time seems relativistic in the sense it depends on systems of measurement. The clocks divide the day into quarter hours. The loud voice of Big Ben is associated with the masculine. It is described as a young man, strong, indifferent, inconsiderate, were swinging dumb-bells this way and that6. It marks the movements of the two doctors, Peter Walsh and Sir Richard as they move through their day, making pronouncements. St Margarets on the other hand is the feminine. It follows Big Bens booming leaden circles with ring after ring of sound that glides into the heart like a hostess, like Clarissa herself7 thinks Peter Walsh as he hears St Margarets peeling sound. Furthermore, The clocks divide time into a pattern, Shredding and slicing, dividing and subdividing, the clocks of Harley Street nibbled at the June day, counselled submission, upheld authority, and pointed out in chorus the supreme advantages of a sense of proportion8 The ringing of the clock bells radiates from the centre of the city. The sound creates a design in the texture of the narrative, slicing through the characters subjective experience of time and contrasting this with objective, exterior time. In To The Lighthouse many of the characters are preoccupied with time. Mr. Ramsay worries about how his philosophical work will stand the test of time, just as Lily expects her painting to be rolled up and forgotten. The very style of the novel brings time into question as Woolf infuses even a brief moment in an everyday event, such as reading a story to a child, with an infinitude of thought and memory 9 Meanwhile days, tides, and seasons keep up their rhythms regardless of human events, while historical time brings cataclysmic change in the form of war. In addition, time brings loss as well as renewal. Mrs. Ramsay dies, while the children she has left behind continue to grow. In To the Lighthouse Woolf depicts two contrasting kinds of time, the linear and regular plodding of clock or objective time, and the reiterative, non-linear time of human experience. Her depiction of subjective time, layered and complex was, critics have observed, not unlike that of the philosopher Henri Bergson, though there is no evidence of any direct influence. It is in the Time Passes section of the novel that Woolfs interest in the contrasting forms of temporality is most evident. The narrative style of this part is very unusual and is unlike that of Parts I and III. Its effort to narrate from what Woolf called an eyeless point of view is strange, it is as if she is thinking of the philosophical problem, the problem with which Mr Ramsay grapples in the novel, of how to think of the world when there is no one there. This is translated into an artistic problem, of how to narrate the passage of time when there is no one there to witness it. The scale of events in Time Passes is much grander than the scale in The Window, thus throughout this section Woolf employs a different method and uses parenthetical asides to impart important news. Instead of focusing on the thoughts of her characters, she keeps a tight focus on the house itself. Dramatic events such as Mrs. Ramsays death could not have been confronted in the style of The Window. as the subtle, everyday quality of the interactions between events and thoughts would have been disturbed by the introduction of the tumultuous news imparted here. The airs in this section of the novel are like times fingers. The constant, regular beam of the Lighthouse is closely allied with time, too, like an all-seeing and immortal eye. Puffs of air detached from the body of the wind10 pull at the loose wallpaper and the things in the house, the light from the Lighthouse guiding them through the house. Natural time is seen as objective and inhuman, it is destructive and violent in the sense that it has no concern for human purposes. Woolfs solution to this problem is to invent a poetic style that, ironically, relies heavily upon the devices of personification and animism. The shadows of the trees made obeisance on the wall, loveliness and stillness clasped hands in the bedroom, light bent to its own image in adoration on the bedroom wall and in the heat of the summer the wind sent its spies about the house again11. It can be questioned whether these devices are successful. It is as if Woolf wishes to fill the emptiness of inhuman nature with primitive animistic entities and malign agencies. The solution can seem oddly childlike, personification and animism being, as Freud pointed out, typical of infantile thought12. The problem illustrates, perhaps, the difficulty of avoiding images of human agency even when they are least necessary. In Mrs Dalloway during sections of mind-time, Woolf sets various time streams loose at once, either in the mind of one character, who retreats into internal soliloquy, collapsing past, present and future, or in the simultaneous perspectives given by several characters recording a single moment. The result of either technique is that plot time stands still.13 Time is not entirely subjective and elastic in this text, however. The novel does take place within a prescribed temporal context marked ominously by the booming of Big Ben: First a warning, musical; then the hour, irrevocable. The leaden circles dissolved in the air. Throughout the novel this chronology is inescapable, cutting through the characters thoughts of the past to bring them back to the present moment Auerbach points out that To the Lighthouse marks the end of the Western tradition of realism. He argues that the novel employs a new fashion of temporality. It is the gap between the brief span of time occupied by exterior events, about two days in The Window, and the rich, dreamlike realm of consciousness. The exterior events actually lost the hegemony over subjectivity14. The novel proves the insignificance of exterior events by holding to minor, unimpressive things like stockings, while keeping in minimum the descriptions of such great events as death and marriage. To the Lighthouse is thus a disturbing turning point in literature because it discarded any claim to the organic completeness of exterior events and the chronological order. To The lighthouse employs a non-linearity and thus counteracts narratives usual form of depicting events in a continuous succession. Synchronicity, evident in the coexistence of multiple perspectives at the same temporal moment, disturbs the narratives attempt to render the story world as events in succession. And elision, evident in the stories within the story whose endings are invariably left dangling and incomplete, dissolves the narratives attempt to achieve completion. Together, these discordant methods undermine the conventional unfolding of narrative. Woolfs novel employs these techniques of disruption in order to portray narrative continuity as an inescapable yet unattainable illusion. Plot is generated by the inner lives of the characters. Psychological effects are achieved through the use of imagery, symbol, and metaphor. Character unfolds by means of the ebb and flow of personal impressions, feelings, and thoughts. Thus, the inner lives of human beings and the ordinary events in their lives are made to seem extraordinary. These complex and new methods that attempt to depict the chaotic interior life appear more jumbled and perplexing than the classical realist novel and so seem disturbing. However, Woolf is attempting to create a realistic account of the inner processes of the individuals mind and an expression of the continuous flow of sense perceptions, thoughts and feelings. Woolf also employs the symbolic apprehension and comprehension of reality as a structural approach to experience. It marked a turning away from writing by observation to transforming fact into a symbol of inner experience. In her diary Woolf wrote What interests me in the last stage was the freedom and boldness with which my imagination picked up, used and tossed aside all the images, symbols which I had prepared. I am sure this is the right way of using them-not in set piecesbut simply as images, never making them work out; only suggest 15 To The Lighthouse assumes a structure similar to that found in the fictional scene of the painting. In a letter Woolf acknowledges the structure and its unifying symbol as enacted at the end. I meant nothing by The Lighthouse. One has to have a central line down the middle of the book to hold the design together.16 In To The Lighthouse the Lighthouse has a prominent but fluid symbolic place in the novel. It does not seem to be the key to some hidden allegory since it does not stand for just one thing, each character that contemplates the Lighthouse gives it a special meaning, its significance in the novel evolves as the sum of different parts. For the teenaged James, the Lighthouse is a stark symbol of masculinity, a phallic symbol. For Mrs. Ramsay, the Lighthouse is a watching eye sweeping through her thoughts with a regular rhythm. To Woolf, the Lighthouse seems to serve as an anchor, a unifying image that ties together the layers of time and thought she explores. Like the clock striking the hours in Mrs. Dalloway, images of the Lighthouse act as the bolts of iron17 holding the different strands of the novel together. The focus of the planned excursion is not named until page eight and from then onwards the Lighthouse always appears with a capital letter. It is conventional to capitalize words referring to abstractions, particularly in philosophical writing. This feature has the effect of elevating the significance of the place, as if Lighthouse were an abstract concept like Truth or Death. The Lighthouse makes its first appearance in the text in very lyrical terms. The domestic metaphors used to describe the scene, which are perhaps Mrs. Ramsays associations; the island is in a plateful of blue water, and the dunes are arranged in pleats18. The first influence of the lighthouse is the description of Jamess excitement The wonder to which he had looked forward, for years and years19 The lighthouse already seems to have gained a greater significance than its mere physical existence. It is an object of desire to James. However, his reaction to Mrs Ramseys promise shows that there is a separation between his dream of happiness (going to the lighthouse) and his dull, everyday experience of life. Prosaically, the lighthouse is a real thing, yet James has made it into an unattainable dream, which he does not expect to come true. James seems to be in a crisis because there is a prospect that his ideal world and real world will become the same and he will go to the lighthouse. Therefore, the wondrous aura of the lighthouse is attached to mundane things. James endows a picture of a refrigerator with a heavenly bliss. It was filled with joy20 this implies that fantasies bring relief from the dullness of everyday life, as long as there is the prospect that they will come true. However, James is one of that great clan21 who live for the future but if future ideals cloud the view of reality then there is an implicit suggestion that achieving ones desire presents a danger in that there would be nothing left to live for. Conversely, people must have some hope of achieving their ideal, or life would become futile. Woolfs symbol of the lighthouse expresses this paradoxical idea in that it represents both an idealised fantasy while also being a real lighthouse. It becomes a trigger, provoking the reader to think about the human tendency to live for a future fantasy, together with all the paradoxical emotions Woolf conveys as associated with that tendency. James looked at the Lighthouse. He could see the white-washed rocks; the tower, stark and straight; he could see that it was barred with black and white; he could see windows in it; he could even see washing spread on the rocks to dry. So that was the Lighthouse, was it? No, the other was also the Lighthouse. For nothing was simply one thing. The other Lighthouse was true too22 James compares the real and the ideal and decides that the Lighthouse can be both. He provides a useful key for deciphering the symbol of the Lighthouse, for nothing was simply one thing23. The Lighthouse is the object of striving, some mystical, distant entity with an all-seeing eye. At the same time it is the embodiment of isolation and sadness, linked with Jamess desolate image of himself and his father as lonely and apart from other people The fact that the Lighthouse is a frequent subject for artists adds to its symbolic import. The tightening of form puts an emphasis on cohesion, interrelatedness and depth in the structure, Woolf engages both the subject of art, Lily Briscoes painting, for example and the aim of philosophy, in Mr. Ramsays work. The Lighthouse was then a silvery, misty-looking tower with a yellow eye, that opened suddenly, and softly in the evening.24 Mrs. Ramsay incorporates the Lighthouses regularly appearing light into the pattern of her thoughts. She recognizes that she is doing this, that she is making the things she sees part of herself, as if the Lighthouse was an eye looking at her. The light strokes also serve to highlight certain cadences in her thought, heightening their meaning by repetition The parallels developing in this section between Lilys actions and reflections and the impending trip to the Lighthouse suggest that Lilys revelation, her moment of clarity and stability, is her own version of the Lighthouse, the thing toward which she has been striving 25. Woolf builds upon the same metaphors and imagery through repetition and association to give them symbolic value of their own. There are repetitions of key images: water, waves, and sea; webs, ties, and threads; and trees through the novels. In Mrs Dalloway words are used in very certain terms in relation to life. They are used repeatedly throughout the rest of the novel, and built upon as metaphors until they stand alone to symbolize life. The sense of being absorbed in the process of action is inseparable from the fear of being excluded from it and from the dread that the process is going to be interrupted. The metaphor of the interrupter and the solemn pause, indicating a fear of being interrupted, are developed throughout the novel. Clarissas sewing is depicted in a rhythmic wave of building, creating, and making. These images recur throughout the novel as they gain symbolic significance. Sewing is a metaphor often used to denote womens creative capacity and symbolizes both artistry and the creation of life. The wave provides both a sense of calm and fulfillment, yet maintains a suspenseful pause before a crash or interruption Mrs. Dalloway has an unpleasant feeling she cannot place. After taking a moment to think, she realizes this feeling is attached to something Peter had said, combined with her own depression26. She realizes it is her parties. Her unpleasant feeling is attached to the criticism she receives from both Richard and Peter about her parties. Clarissa privately defends her parties. She sees them as an offering, a term she is able to recognize as vague and goes on to define. She is offering a connection. She gives meaning to life by feeling the existence of others and offering a way to bring them together, offering them a chance of connection. While sitting on the couch, Septimus notices a shadow on the wall. Fear no more the heat o the sun. This phrase, which acts as a calming device, enters his head. Suddenly, he is not afraid. He sits up and takes an interest in what Lucrezia is doing. She is making a hat. More significantly, she is creating and building Rezias creation of the hat, like Clarissas sewing, symbolizes not only the creation of life, but also more specifically, the female ability to create life But this hat now. And then (it was getting late) Sir William Bradshaw27 Woolf uses this one symbolic line as a metaphor for the transition from life, represented in the making of the hat and death, suggested by Bradshaw, the symbol of the souls containment and the character who ultimately provides Septimus with the impetus to kill himself. Woolf uses a great deal of imagery; her similes often begin as a straightforward comparison, which is then elaborated. This moves the ideas away from the physical reality of the narrative and towards mental events, emotions and ideas providing a bridge between the plot and the interior consciousness of the characters. The reader is shown the dilemma of how to create a meaningful sequence and the impossibility of essentially finding an explicit formal system of how to represent objects and concepts, that are assumed to exist, and the relationships between them. The cumulative effect of such repeated notions and images is to establish a systematic network of social elements, such as, human time, space, shared symbols, personal relationships, so as to arrive at a vision of modern life on a national scale. This collective existence is apprehended internally, as its participants experience it. It is both the content and the form used to portray that content which makes reading a disturbing process. The question of the reality of experience itself; the critique of the traditional values of the culture; the loss of meaning and hope in the modern world and the exploration of how this loss may be faced are all themes within Woolfs novels. Subject matter and writing style are the two features that characterise Modernism and this applies to Mrs Dalloway. The themes of Woolfs novels express the angst of Modernism in a precise way and Mrs Dalloway exemplifies the conflict felt in the modern society that produces this angst. The conflict is played out between two forces, one that fragments and disperses social order and causes chaos, and a more stable impulse that looks for unity. Multiple voices, fragmented narrative and stream of consciousness are the stylistic devices of Woolf that convey the themes of conflict, despair and escape in the novel. Mrs Dalloway can be seen as an attempt to critique modern life, however, the novel can seem overwhelmed by the chaos of characters struggling to find meaning in life when death is such a large presence. Another aspect of this novel that is Modernist and can be seen to be disturbing is its withdrawal from the epic novel, the larger historical or temporal frame found in the 19th century novel. In Mrs Dalloway, there is no organising logic from which to draw a secure and comfortable resolution to lifes struggles. The action or plot is restricted to a single day, no large epic journey is possible and while the struggle for life is apparent, there is nothing of the 19th century moral structure to contain and manage the outcomes. Death and despair overwhelm life and its purposes, the narrowness of life is suffocating, and lives are fragmented, anxious, disconnected and misrecognised. To The Lighthouse also undermines what were the conventional expectations attached to novels. Woolf speculated that she might be writing something other than a novel. I have an idea that I will invent a new name for my books to supplant novelBut what? Elegy?28 Her work can be seen as more poetry than fiction as it occupies itself with abstract ideas and experimentation more than with plot and character development Woolf throws into disorder readers expectations of how life can be represented within a novel, and she achieves this through seeking a new mode of expression. It is not that she rejects reality, but rather that she sought to develop a higher type of realism, as if more complex forms would allow for the depiction of a more complex and vivid understanding of reality. Bibliograph. Auerbach, Erich, Mimesis: the representation of reality in Western literature / by Erich Auerbach; translated from the German by Willard Trask. New York: Doubleday/Anchor Books, 1957. Bell, Q, Virginia Woolf: A Biography. London: Hogarth Press, 1972. Eliot, T.S, American Literature and American Language in Selected Essays. London: Faber, 1951. Fleishman, Avrom, Virginia Woolf: A Critical Reading. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975. Lee, Hermione, The Novels of Virginia Woolf. New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, 1977. Naremore, James, The World Without A Self. London: Yale University Press, 1973. Schulze, Robin. G, Varieties of Mystical Experience in the Writings of Virginia Woolf in Twentieth Century Literature Vol.44. New York: Hofstra University, 1998. Woolf, Virginia. A writers diary: being extracts from the diary of Virginia Woolf edited by Leonard Woolf. London, Hogarth Press, 1953. Woolf. Virginia, Mrs Dalloway. London: Penguin, 1996. Woolf, Virginia, To The Lighthouse. London: Penguin, 1992. 1 Eliot, T.S, American Literature and American Language in Selected Essays. London: Faber, 1951.p. 73. 2 Lee, Hermione, The Novels of Virginia Woolf. New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, 1977. p.106. 3 Woof, Virginia, Mrs Dalloway. London: Penguin, 1996. p.8. 4 Ibid. p.6. 5 Ibid. p.55. 6 Ibid. p.35. 7 Ibid. p.60. 8 Ibid. p.75. 9 Auerbach, Erich, Mimesis: the representation of reality in Western literature / by Erich Auerbach; translated from the German by Willard Trask. New York: Doubleday/Anchor Books, 1957. p.529. 10 Woolf, Virginia, To The Lighthouse. London: Penguin, 1992, p.190 11 Ibid. pp.137-139. 12 Schulze, Robin. G, Varieties of Mystical Experience in the Writings of Virginia Woolf in Twentieth Century Literature Vol.44. New York: Hofstra University, 1998. p.3 13 Naremore, James, The World Without A Self. London: Yale University Press, 1973. p.71. 14 Auerbach, Erich, Mimesis: the representation of reality in Western literature / by Erich Auerbach; translated from the German by Willard Trask. New York: Doubleday/Anchor Books, 1957. pp. 351-355 15 Woolf, Virginia. A writers diary: being extracts from the diary of Virginia Woolf edited by Leonard Woolf. London, Hogarth Press, 1953. p.169 16 Bell, Q, Virginia Woolf: A Biography. London: Hogarth Press, 1972. p.168. 17 Woolf, Virginia, To The Lighthouse. London: Penguin, 1992. p.5. 18 Ibid. p.23. 19 Ibid. p.7. 20 Ibid. p.7. 21 Ibid. p.7. 22 Ibid. pp.276-277. 23 Ibid. p.277. 24 Ibid. p. 107. 25 Ibid. 270. 26 Woolf. Virginia, Mrs Dalloway. London: Penguin, 1996. p.183. 27 Ibid. p. 178. 28 Woolf, Virginia. A writers diary: being extracts from the diary of Virginia Woolf edited by Leonard Woolf. London, Hogarth Press, 1953. p.78.

Sir Gawain: The Ideal Knight Essay -- Canterbury Tales English Litera

Sir Gawain: The Ideal Knight Throughout the Arthurian legends, Sir Gawain seems to be the epitome of a noble knight. He is always putting his king before himself, repeatedly sacrificing his own life in some way for King Arthur. He is an honorable knight that lives up to his word. This is evident in both Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell." In these stories, Gawain lives up to the expectations of a knight belonging to the legendary Round Table. In "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell," King Arthur is accused of unrightfully giving away Gromer Somer Joure's lands to Sir Gawain. Gromer Somer Joure asks Arthur a question, which Arthur must answer if he wants his life to be spared. Arthur, going against the instructions of Gromer Somer Joure, tells Gawain of his predicament. He tells Gawain that he must not speak of the situation to anyone else. Gawain responds by telling Arthur, "I am not that man that wold you dishonour." ("Ragnell" 150) It is apparent that Gawain is an honorable person that keeps his word. Arthur would not confide in him, otherwise. Gawain's commitment to King Arthur is even more evident as the story goes on. Arthur finds an old hag, Dame Ragnell, who knows the answer to the question he has been asked. She asks in return, "Thou must graunt me a knighte to wed--his name is Sir Gawen." ("Ragnell" 280-281) Arthur cannot agree to this without consulting Gawain. When Arthur tells Gawain about his encounter with the hag, Gawain brushes it off as if it is nothing. He does not fear marrying the hag as long as it will spare the life of King Arthur. He says to Arthur with great confidence: Is this alle? I shalle w... ...s given his land to Sir Gawain. Arthur relies on Sir Gawain to get him out of the predicament that he is in. He also relies on Sir Gawain when the Green Knight confronts him in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Gawain offers to take Arthur's place in the Green Knight's Christmas game. Arthur quickly accepts without a second thought. It is obvious that throughout the Arthurian legends that Arthur and Gawain are portrayed differently. One thing that remains the same is that there is a special bond between these two characters. Gawain is always the knight that is ready to defend Arthur at all times. Works Cited Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams et. 7th Edition, Volume 1. New York: Norton, 2000. 156-210 Sands, Donald B. Ed. Middle English Verse Romances. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., 1966.

Cheating Quotes Essay

Evidence 1. â€Å"There is too much competition between students, which leads to increased pressure to do well. Cheating becomes a way to get the edge over the other students in the class. In addition, the penalties for getting caught are mild.† 2. â€Å"Today there is more pressure placed on students to do well. They are expected to receive good grades, play a sport, and volunteer if they are to be looked at by a good college. With a B tainting your transcript, a college might not look at you.† 3. â€Å"Students who would usually cheat get sucked into believing it is the only way to get ahead in school: If the cheaters are doing better then they are and not getting caught, then they had better try it.† 4. â€Å"Schools are drifting away from emphasizing learning and are emphasizing the grade instead. When the thirst for knowledge is replenished in the students mind, the desire for the grade without the work will dissolve. Only then will cheating decline.† Commentary 1. Wenke is indicating that the competition to get better grades has increased, and the only way for the students to stay in the competition is to cheat. She also says that because of the competition the pressure increased which causes the students stress, which then pushes them towards cheating. The students have no fear of cheating because the penalties will not affect them or there grades in a major way. 2. Wenke is trying to show us that now education is based around getting good grades and doing well and not about getting a good education and learning. She also is saying that colleges are looking for students with better grades and people with more extracurricular activities and with out A grades colleges may not even look at your transcript. 3. Wenke is telling us that cheating is the only way students can achieve success in school. Some students try their hardest to get the best grade they can achieve, but then see that the cheaters that put in less effort and get better grades. This makes more students want to cheat because that way you could focus on other things and not only schoolwork. So Wenke is saying what is stopping the good students from trying to cheat if the cheaters are prospering while they are not. 4. Wenke is indicating that cheating will only decline if knowledge is a greater quality for students rather than getting a better grade. If all the students want only knowledge and the grades do not affect their education then there will not be as much cheating as there is now. So the end of cheating will only occur if students care more about knowledge instead of grades.

Part1. Physical items Essay

Goods: Physical items produced by business organizations. Operations Management: the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services Process: One or more actions that transform inputs into outputs Services: activities that provide some combination of time, location, form, and psychological value System: a set of interrelated parts that must work together. Technology: the application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of goods and services Operations management requires: both knowledge of the facts and how to interpret that info in order to produce and deliver Requires constant improvement: due to competition in the marketplace and advances in technology Good process design is: customer driven. What questions> What type of process is best suited that will fulfill our customers needs What is the goal in selecting a supplier? To find the best product available for the best price you can The global market enables the operations manager: the flecibility to choose the most cost effective supplier Honda’s relationship with their suppliers is based on: trust Why did Hillrich & Bradsby implement ERP system?: to simplify their processes When do hillrich & bradsbey start their production process?: when an order is entered into the system What was the purpose of Disney’s Fast Pass?: remove the need to wait in line by using a virtual queue Measuring is an important method. Monitoring the consistency and repeatability of a process is called: statistical process control What technique does Gortac use to support continuous improvement: in manufacturing, try to be more efficient, improving quality: continuous improvement: record the days productivity numbers and compare – daily production meetings. How did ABTCO increase capacity without adding space or investing capital? : using fundamentals of operations mgmt., reorganized the manuf process to improve quality and efficiency. Closed lines producing unfrofitable products and started idle lines to fill shortages, as a result, their siding unit increased prod capacity w out adding space or capital expense.

Political Socialization and The Environment essays

Political Socialization and The Environment essays Political Socialization and The Environment The political socialization of the population has become a large concern for society today. With out a change in the political socialization in a way favorable to the preservation of the world disaster can occur. Political Socialization is an efficient means in predicting and controlling the political ideals and values of future generations. As people grow more environmentally conscious, socialization could be a useful tool in ensuring the protection of the environment for future generations. Political socialization could also predict what will be faced by future generations as a result of the worlds destruction of the environment. Whether or not health problems resulting from pollution will affect socialization or the absence of forests and the natural world will effect socialization. Although, it is obvious to say that it will but socialization can explain how it will. If socialization is not geared towards environmental awareness and conservation then the world can only ex pect a greater deterioration of its surroundings as well as greater pollution, which will cause more health problems. Socialization is the most effective way to ensure how future generations will deal with and perceive the world; if that perception is to protect the environment then the possibility that natural resources will be protected is greatly enhanced. The socialization of those active in the environmental movement or those concerned with conservation as well as those with an environmental consciousness comes from many factors, the condition of their political leaders and state, the presence of an environmental danger or disaster, and the role of education in teaching the youth environmental preservation. It has been held for thousands of years by primitive tribes and cultures that human kind should live harmoniously with nature, living with nature is practiced still in the aboriginal tribes of ...

All the Details Regarding Article of Positive Research Accounting

  Discuss about the   Defense of Positive Accounting Research ? This report contains all the details regarding article of positive research accounting . In this article various facts and figures of positive accounting theory have been given. There is several methodology and models have been shown which reflects how humans would make decision in different situation based on prepared accounting frameworks. This article consist various models and frameworks which are useful to determine the effectiveness of positive accounting research practice. With the help of this article, writers, researchers and other viewers could easily evaluate the merits and demerits of positive accounting research. This article contains the information on the human behavior and their cause and effect relation in positive accounting research practice. There are several viewpoints and assumptions have been taken into consideration which reflects the best accounting practice and standards set program to mitigate different accounting practice. In addition to this there are several casual theory and comprehensive viewpoints which reflects how accountant and auditors could come up with the common decision in preparing financial statements (Brown, Preiato, and Tarca, 2014). Positive ontology and epistemology is the main major factors which provides how casus and effect relation could be used to determine the accountant and auditors decision making factors in positive accounting research practice (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013).   In addition to this, this article contains details regarding reciprocal behavior, Self interest theory and Positive ontology and epistemology which are used to make interpretation of qualitative data. For instance, reciprocal behavior helps in determine the cause and effect relation. Self interest theory also provides that persons will take care of their own interest before the interest of organization as a whole.   In addition to this, behavior of free will establishes that each and every human take decision on the basis of his external and internal factors which result into variation of their decisions. These different decisions aroused due to different perceptions, factors and other models (Celestine and Maher, 2014). These models have helped accountants and auditors to classifying, recording and summarizing task and provide them understanding to cover all the requirement of positive accounting practice in effective manner (Way mire, 2014). Now it could be inferred that this article consisted with different human behavior based on the different factors and circumstances (Everett, Neu, Rahaman and Maharaj, 2015). There are several questions which could be taken into consideration for preparing this article. How positive accounting research practice could be different from Intellectual program? What are the affecting factors which establish cause and effect relation in positive accounting research? Which theories and models have been used in positive accounting research? What are the possible effects of using ontology and epistemology in positive accounting research practice in positive accounting research? This article is consisted with several models and frameworks which could be used in this positive accounting research practice. There are other models such as hypothetical test, ontology and epistemology frameworks. These all theories have been used to define the human behavior and other associated factors. (Engle and Hunton, 2015). As per the views of Everett, Neu, Rahaman and Maharaj, 2015 it is given that auditors and accountant are two different persons who use different critical understanding to make effective decisions in their accounting works. There are several theories such as behavior of free will, cause and effect relation and other accounting frameworks which helps accountant and auditors to make their decisions effectively.   It is observed that if accountants are using behavior of free will in their accounting models and decision then it would surely result into conflict of interest between auditors and accountants. There are other models and frameworks which could be used in accounting frameworks in this article either in Americana or international which reflects standard models for measuring human behavior. There are other several basic concepts and theories in positive accounting theories such as reciprocal behavior and behavior of free will. In this article main focus in made on Darwin’s theory of evaluation which reflects qualitative assessment and measurement in positive research. This Darwin’s theory of evaluation could be bifurcated into following several parts. The first phase of Darwin’s theory of evaluation is related with collecting primary and secondary qualitative data. These collected data is deployed by Auditors other stakeholders to evaluate on what basis accountant has prepared financial statement (Dyckman and Zeff, 2014). In Darwin’s theory of evaluation, focus is made to identify type- 1 errors (Li, 2015).   It is considered that Type-1 error is not possible to avoid for accountant as per followed realistic approach. It is observed that if auditor uses realistic model then it would result into basic level of errors (Type-1 errors) (Deegan, 2017). There are other several models which have been used in positive accounting research practice such as Hypothetical test and ontology and epistemology (Slater, et al. 2014). The main significant of this positive research accounting is related with how accountants make their decisions. This research has accompanied with the details which reflects the human behavior and their cause and effect relation. This study has been prepared with a view to provide the core aspect of positive accounting research. There are several important factors which have been reflected in this research. In addition to this, there are several factors which have been identified in this research that provides how positive accounting research practice could be useful for establishment of harmonization in accountant and auditors behavior. It is also observed that there are several frameworks and models used in this report which provides how positive accounting research practice could be used by accountant for effective accounting practice.   Ã‚  There are several other rational and personal theories and practices have been used in positive accounting practice which is core factors f or influencing human behavior. There are other rational and personal practice in positive accounting research have been evaluated which reflects the human behavior and factors which influence accountant behavior (Guan, 2014). In the end, it would be inferred that there are several methods and models in positive accounting research which are very useful for establishment of harmonization in accountant and auditors behavior. In this article various methodologies and theories have been used which only provides standards set based on the normal accountant behavior. Therefore, only after considering some theories and models it would be hard to gauge the human decision making process. In addition to this, there are several models and theories have been used in these articles which are consisted with hypothetical test and other auxiliary assumptions. Therefore, it becomes complex to determine the level of certainty of positive accounting research functions. Authors in this article have also not suggested any possible level of escalations and remarks which should be used to readers to evaluate the certainty and uncertainty of models used in this article for positive accounting research practice. In addition to this, the most critical factors in this article are related with the behavior of free will. It is observed that if a human is having free will to take his decisions then it would result into several cont radictions and complexity. For instance, if accountant has used a spate decision making process in his accounting frameworks then auditors may have conflict with his accounting practice which he opted as per his free will. This article is also accompanied with large set of information and cumbersome process which made hard for researcher to understand the facts and human decision process models in effective manner. There are limitation which could be evaluated such as relevancy of data, justification for assumptions and models taken and set format and path for determining human decision making (Bedtime, Darrough and Xue, 2017). Human decision varies person to person and based factors. In addition to this, in order to justify the facts and theories used in this article hypothetical test have been taken into consideration. This hypothetical test make effectiveness on the result oriented human decision behavior. These all theories and models are the critical factors to establish harmonization in the accountant and auditors behavior in their accounting decisions. The main impact on positive accounting research aroused from the type one error. This type of error is unavoidable and accountant and other auditors tend to make these mistakes. As per the positive accounting research, these types of errors could be mitigated if double cross check system is implemented. In addition to this, interchangeable factors given in various models and theories such as Darwin’s theory of evaluation, behavior of free will and cause and effect relation provides how humans take their decisions and what complexity they face in their accounting decisions. In the end it would be inferred that all the test and statistics under the null hypothesis is based on auxiliary assumptions which is considered as limitation of this article. All the accountant and auditors should take less assumption and hypothetical data to avoid possible mistakes and errors. Ahmed, A.S., Neel, M. and Wang, D., 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence.  Contemporary Accounting Research,  30(4), pp.1344-1372. Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation.  Contemporary Accounting Research,  34(1), pp.252-284. Brown, P., Preiato, J. and Tarca, A., 2014. Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy.  Journal of Business Finance & Accounting,  41(1-2), pp.1-52. Deegan, C., 2017. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.  Critical Perspectives on Accounting,  43, pp.65-87.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.  Accounting Horizons,  28(3), pp.695-712. Engle, T.J. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: The Effects of Small Monetary Incentives on Response Quality and Rates in the Positive Confirmation of Account Receivable Balances.  AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory,  34(3), pp.201-201. Everett, J., Neu, D., Rahaman, A.S. and Maharaj, G., 2015. Praxis, Doxa and research methods: Reconsidering critical accounting.  Critical Perspectives on Accounting,  32, pp.37-44. Fang, J., Haw, I.M., Yu, V. and Zhang, X., 2014. Positive externality of analyst coverage upon audit services: Evidence from China.  Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics,  21(2), pp.186-206. Guan, K., 2014. Corporate Growth, Audit Quality and Accounting Conservatism: Empirical Evidence from Public Companies in China.  Journal of Accounting and Economics,  5(005). Klemstine, C.F. and Maher, M.W., 2014.  Management Accounting Research (RLE Accounting): A Review and Annotated Bibliography. Routledge. Li, X., 2015. Accounting conservatism and the cost of capital: An international analysis.  Journal of Business Finance & Accounting,  42(5-6), pp.555-582. Slater, R.A., Koren, S., Ramot, Y., Buchs, A. and Rapoport, M.J., 2014. Interpreting the results of the Semmes?Weinstein monofilament test: accounting for false?positive answers in the international consensus on the diabetic foot protocol by a new model.  Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews,  30(1), pp.77-80. Smith, M., 2014.  Research methods in accounting. Sage. Waymire, G.B., 2014. Neuroscience and ultimate causation in accounting research.  The Accounting Review,  89(6), pp.2011-2019.

The House of Tata Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The House of Tata - Assignment Example This strategy is positive in that the new products that are introduced in the market will receive applause since the brand is already known. However, in some instances, the new products that are introduced in the market are not pleasing since the brand of other products is not performingwell. b) Building of equity interlocks among the Tata companies Building interlocks of equities creates a scenario where the companies are working in unison. The companies are better placed as they have a lot of activities in common. For instance, the group of companies will have substantial equities that will make a greater investment. This is like pooling resources together in the group of companies. Therefore, the group of companies will be able to invest in other activities that need a huge investment (Khanna, Krishna and Wu Melito, 2). However, companies that are not indulged in interlocking equities are not well prepared to invest in activities that need a large sum of accounts. Similarly, inter locking equities brings ahighrate of interest. For instance, the interest rate that is accrued on lump sum equity is much more than the interest that is accrued on minute equity. Therefore, this was a prudent activity to the companies as it would increase the company’s gains in the long run. ... Therefore, in this case selling part of Tata company was againstthecompany’s need for expansion. This limited its market segments and would lead to diminished performance of the company. Similarly, selling part of the company was a step that reduced the operating capital of the company. Therefore,most of its activities in the market were reduced. d) Revitalisation of Tata administration The administration of a company is considered a vital aspect that will dictate its performance. A company that has utterly trained and experienced administration is likely to give positive results at the end of each financial year. However, any company thatdoes not have an experienced and dedicated administration is not likely to make a positive accrual in the business. In this case, Tata was vigilant in ensuring the administration was functioning to its advantage. The change in administration meant that the company was prepared to make an improvement in its activities. Similarly, this would re cord an improvement in the financial management, economic development and all other activities that are vital in the company. Similarly,there is positivity in that revitalisation of the administration improved on the specialisation in the company. The people that are well trained in particular places will be given an opportunityto serve the company to their best. As such,they will increase the performance of the business to greater heights as they will have an enhanced position. This is a prudent aspect that would improve the performance of the company and give the company an added advantage. 2. Corporate portfolio in 1995 The corporate portfolio that was done in 1995 was a vital activity to the company (Khanna, Krishna and Wu Melito, 4). This

Construction Law Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Law Report - Essay Example The presence of the discovered iron anvils projects upon the overall construction work schedule in terms of projected period cost implications and required work force. Adding to this is the projected influence upon contractual terms of the agreement, represented in the form of signed binding agreements amongst pertinent project stakeholders. As Martin and Law elude, this would necessitate legal input from construction law, and specifically contract law. It is based on the fact that construction law legally requires both project owner and contractor to act in good faith, with regard to the performance of project contractual obligations. According to the contract – JCT SBC 2011 (with quantities without sectional completions) – terms and conditions are set upon the basis of the construction-time frame, expenditure (estimated overhead) and aspects pertaining to workforce present.The constructor’s obligations with respect to the time for completion of works under the construction contract depends on express provisions stipulated in the contract or, in cases where the terms are not express, then the obligations will be based on terms implied by the English law and in other instances the terms implied for business efficacy purposes. Construction contracts often provide for the payment of liquidated damages for certain types of the breach, for example, breaches concerning delays. The inclusion of clauses on liquidated clauses of the delayed nature has advantages for all parties on the contract.

The Role & Impact of Treatment for Individuals with Substance Use Research Paper

The Role & Impact of Treatment for Individuals with Substance Use Disorders - Research Paper Example rious activities including research and trends with the purpose of significantly improving â€Å"prevention and treatment and to inform policy as it relates to drug abuse and addiction† (National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d.). The â€Å"Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health† for instance revealed that â€Å"in 2010, 4.1 million persons aged 12 or older (1.6 percent of the population) received treatment for a problem related to the use of alcohol or illicit drugs† (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA): Past Year Treatment, 2011, par. 3). In this regard, the current research aims to proffer pertinent issues relative to the role and impact of treatment on individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly with cocaine, heroin and prescription drugs, or those classified under illicit drugs. The discourse would initially provide the definition for SUDs, prior to delving into the role and impact of treatm ent, as required. â€Å"Substance abuse is defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (such as repeated absences or poor work performance related to substance use; substance-related absences, suspensions, or expulsions from school; or neglect of children or household). Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance (for example, arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication and physical fights)† (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 181). Treatment of SUDs would therefore depend on various factors: the type of substance or drugs used, the length of time these substances or drugs have been continuously used, the state or mental condition of