Global Warming, El Nino, and other Climate Phenomena

The weather we experience is a manifestation of the climate we live in. Our climate is affected by global warming, which has led to many observed changes, including warmer sea temperatures, warmer air temperatures, and changes in the hydrological cycle. In addition, our weather is also affected by natural climate phenomena that operate over hundreds or thousands of miles. These events are often cyclic, as they reoccur at time intervals of various lengths. Global warming can affect the intensity and return intervals of these events. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its 5th Assessment Report in 2014, with a chapter devoted to the effects of climate change on these large scale climate phenomena. Here are some important findings: Monsoons are seasonal wind reversal patterns accompanied by significant rainfall. They are responsible, for example, for the summer thunderstorm periods in Arizona and New Mexico, and the torrential downpours in India’s rainy season. Overall, monsoon patterns will increase in area and intensity with continued climate change. They will start earlier in the year and end later than what had been the average.In North America, where monsoons are limited to the U.S. Southwest region, no change in precipitation due to global warming has been clearly observed. A decrease in the length of the season has been observed, though, and monsoons are expected to be delayed during the year. So there appears to be no relief in sight for the observed (and predicted) increase in frequency of extreme summer temperatures in the U.S. Southwest, contributing to drought.The amount of precipitation from monsoon rains is forecasted to be higher in the more pessimistic scenarios considered by the IPCC. In a scenario of continued reliance on fossil fuel and the absence of carbon capture and storage, total precipitation from monsoons, globally, is estimated to increase by 16% by the end of the 21st century.The El Nià ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a large area of unusually warm water that develops in the Pacific Ocean off South America, affecting weather over a large portion of the globe. Our ability to model future climates while taking into account El Nià ±o has improved, and it appears that variability in precipitation will increase. In other words, some El Nià ±o events will produce more rainfall and snowfall than expected in some areas of the globe, while others will produce less precipitation than expected.The frequency of tropical cyclones (tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons) is likely to stay the same or decrease, globally. The intensity of these storms, both in wind speed and precipitation, is likely to increase. There are no clear changes predicted for the track and intensity of North American extra-tropical storms (Hurricane Sandy became one of those cyclonic storms outside of the tropics).  Ã‚   Predictive models have improved significantly in the last few years, and they are currently being refined to resolve remaining uncertainties. For example, scientists have little confidence when trying to predict changes in monsoons in North America. Pinpointing the effects of the El Nià ±o cycles or the intensity of tropical cyclones in specific areas has also been difficult. Finally, the phenomena described above are largely know by the public, but there are many other cycles: examples include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The interactions between these phenomena, regional climates, and global warming make the business of scaling down global change predictions to specific locations bewilderingly complex. Source IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report. 2013. Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change.

Rosetta Stone Free Essays

Ensure your computer is NOT hooked to the internet. If you have PowerISO, or a similar utility, skip to step 3 Step 1 -Install Power ISO Step 2 -Run Power ISO and click to continue unregistered. -Choose the large icon â€Å"mount† gt;gt; â€Å"set Number of drives† gt;gt; â€Å"1 drives† Step 3 -Mount: â€Å"The Rosetta Stone Version 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Rosetta Stone or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0. 35†³ Step 4 -Navigate to My Computer if The Rosetta Stone does not automatically load -Double Click on â€Å"RS_App† -Follow Install Instruction -Launch â€Å"Rosetta Stone V3† -DO NOT Check for updates -Quit Rosetta StoneStep 5 -Delete a file called tracking. db3 -Location: For XP users -gt; C: gt;gt; Document and Settings gt;gt; All Users gt;gt; Application Data For Vista Users -gt; C: gt;gt; Program Data gt;gt; The Rosetta Stone -If any of these folders are hidden in Vista, choose: organize gt;gt; folder and Search options gt;gt; view gt;gt; show hidden files and folders -If any of these folders are hidden in XP, right click where the missing folder is and choose: folder options gt;gt; view gt;gt; show hidden files and folders Step 6 -Run Rosetta Stone -DO NOT Check for updates -Quit Rosetta StoneStep 7 -Install The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 0. 57 (Update 1) – -Follow installation instructions -DO NOT update Step 8 -Install The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 (Update 2) -Follow installation instructions -DO NOT update Step 9 -Right Click on The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 Patch -choose â€Å"copy† -paste in the Rosetta Stone Directory at C:Program FilesRosetta StoneRosetta Stone V3 -double click on The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 Patch -A pop up will appear and say: â€Å"Activation area replaced with â€Å"minor error†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Click ‘OK’ enjoy :)† -click on â€Å"Patch† Step10 Install Laguage Files by: -Run The Rosetta Stone choose: install Language -navigate to the Rosetta Stone Content Folder -right click on the first language to be installed gt;gt; â€Å"Power ISO† gt;gt; â€Å"mount image to Drive []† -click â€Å"ok† at the Rosetta Stone Istallation screen -follow Rosetta Stone installation Instrutions -at completion, choose â€Å"continue† -choose DO NOT UPDATE -choose NEVER when prompted to register the software -click â€Å"OK† when an 2002 error pops up Step 11 -Install further language files by following the procedures in step 10 after selecting to install ano ther language A Reminder: NEVER NEVER NEVER Update this software for any reason. Enjoy! qwerqwefqwerq How to cite Rosetta Stone, Papers

Trains and Nature in Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams Essay Example

Trains and Nature in Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams Essay Both Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams are deeply interested in man’s interaction with nature in their poetry. Indeed, both poets were writing in America at the beginning and in the thick of the Industrial Revolution, and both men had to contend with America’s changing perspective on nature’s role in life. In his â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter,† Whitman creates an energetic and stark image of the train, at odds with nature while also providing an immaculate perspective on modern technology and change and the powerful effects that it can provide. Williams, on the other hand, looks at technological advancement as a natural part of a different landscape, this one being the modern world. In his â€Å"10/27† from The Descent of Winter, Williams paints a picture of the modern world, complete with overhead train lights, stoplights, and all aspects of modern industrial advancement. While both poets are interested in depicting the world as it is, Whi tman struggles with the implications of technological advancement and its threats to nature, while Williams sees technology as a part of nature.Walt Whitman is famous for his nature writing – indeed, Leaves of Grass, one of the most famous American collections of poetry in history, focuses on living in nature, and he’s writing in a time that must grapple with technological changes and how that shifts the American way of life. His poem â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† captures this view intricately. The train itself is represented in myriad ways, including as a â€Å"Fierce-throated beauty!† (line 18) and â€Å"Thee in thy panoply, thy measured dual throbbing, and thy beat convulsive;   / Thy black cylindric body, golden brass, and silvery steel;   / Thy ponderous side-bars, parallel and connecting rods, gyrating, shuttling at thy sides; / Thy metrical, now swelling pant and roar—now tapering in the distance† (lines 2-5). Obviously, here the train is something that commands respect and possesses great power – through words like â€Å"fierce† and the â€Å"golden brass,† â€Å"silvery steel† and â€Å"ponderous side-bars† that actually create the train itself, Whitman is giving a certain amount of power and respect to the man-made train even though it is at odds with nature. Even though Whitman recognizes the significance of the achievement reached by the creation of the train, that does not mean that it does not have ill effects on modern America: it creates â€Å"trills of shrieks by rocks and hills return’d,   / Launch’d o’er the prairies wide† (lines 23-4) and â€Å"dense and murky clouds out-belching from thy smoke-stack† (line 9). While Whitman does give the train its due credit and reverence, he also recognizes the danger that it poses to his previous way of life.One of the most common features of Whitman’s poetry and a significant way it affects his message is his method of cataloguing, which also shows up in this discussion of the locomotive. He begins the poem by speaking directly to the train, calling it â€Å"thy† and â€Å"thee,† and, thereby, allowing a certain amount of respect to be given to the train and, in many ways, humanizing it. The introductory list that catalogues the train’s makeup, power and problems allows the speaker to create a slightly confusing tone: indeed, because this list is mildly ironic in its lauding of the train through describing the destructiveness of the smokestacks and using other words with largely negative connotations (â€Å"Thy long, pale, floating vapor-pennants, tinged with delicate purple† (line8), for example), the power and majesty that is superficially discussed is somewhat undermined. The list in this poem serves the purpose both of allowing the multiple aspects and details of the train to be known and also to convey the complexity that the speaker views this new technology. Indeed, with descriptions likening the train to natural disasters, such as, â€Å"Thy piercing, madly-whistled laughter! thy echoes, rumbling like an earthquake, rousing all!† (line 20), one cannot read â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† without recognizing the complicated relationships between nature and the train, and Whitman represents this through recognizing the significance of technological advance, but also stating the problems that this can pose to established ways of living.William Carlos Williams’ â€Å"10/27† works to create a holistic image of the technological world. The description that he provides of the cityscape is nothing if not surreal, as he lists objects that don’t necessarily register with the reader, and demonstrates that the person seeing them from the car window is surrounded by lights from different directions. Indeed, when the poet looks out of his car window, he sees â€Å"the white porcelain trough is no doubt made of some certain blanched clay baked and glazed but how they do it, how they shape it soft and have it hold its shape for the oven I dont know nor how the cloth is woven, the grey and the black with the orange and green strips wound together diagonally across the grain artificial pneumothorax their faces!†, demonstrating the complexities of the modern world. Even though the speaker of this poem cannot explain what the objects that he sees are, the idea that this is the world is never challenged or questioned in the poem. Thus, while the modern world is confusing and different, it is still the world and Williams looks to explore that world through his poetry. The images of the world seen through the car window is both making a statement about technological advancement, but is also showing how perspective in this modern world functions. For example, â€Å"Any hat in this window $2.00 barred windows, wavy opaque glass, a block of brownstone at t he edge of the sidewalk crudely stippled on top for a footstep to a carriage, lights with sharp bright spikes, stick out round them their faces,† showing that the windows are barred, the glass opaque, and perspective generally altered even though lights are being provided on this city from multiple different angles.The city lights themselves are at the center of Williams’ â€Å"10/27.† Indeed, the way that the lights are perceived by the speaker are important to how the rest of the objects, and the city in general, is represented in the poem. Williams states, â€Å"STOP in black letters surrounded by a red glow, letters with each bulb a seed in the shaft of the L of the A lights on the river streaking the restless water lights upon pools of rainwater by the roadside a great pool of light full of overhanging sparks into whose lower edge a house looms its center marked by one yellow windowbright their faces,† showing a multitude of lights, some coming from o verhead trains, some from stoplights, and all coming from miscellaneous spots in the city. Indeed, the manufactured, â€Å"unnatural† lights of this poem are what allow the speaker to provide a description of this surreal and odd city, thereby demonstrating that through technological development and the new city life, a different kind of perspective and illumination can be present. Because Williams allows the city to exist in its own space and sphere, the lights that he provides and the description of the city, and thereby locomotives, cars, and other technological advancements, shows a new kind of life.Both Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams explore accurate representations of the world in their â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† and â€Å"10/27† from The Descent of Winter, respectively. While both seek to demonstrate some aspect of life, they both also do it in very different ways. These poets are writing at different moments in the Industrial Revolution, and that is reflected in the ways in which they represent trains and modern society. Whitman shows that while the train and technological advancement certainly have a place in modern American society and essentially are its future, there still is a destructive element to nature as it has been known and that one cannot accept these advancements without a wary eye. Williams, on the other hand, sees this modern technology and the lights provided by overhead trains as something eerie and surreal, even though he uses these images to show the state of the modern world as it is and does not provide a harsh critique of that world. Indeed, both poets recognize problems with the changing of nature, though Whitman struggles with it more than Williams does as represented in these two poems.

Free Essays on Pink Floyds The Wall

Pink Floyd's "The Wall" is more than just a CD; it's a surreal experience through the mind of a genius. It’s 26 unique, flowing pieces of amazing music. Roger Waters’s first inspiration for this album was his feelings of alienation from himself the experiences presented in the album can be applied to any problem or "wall" in ones mind. Each song connects to the next one, making for no pauses or stops between the masterpieces. Also it makes you sit down and listen to the entire CD to get all the enjoyment out of it, not just skip to the singles. Possibly some of the most famous songs in rock history are on this CD, those being all the bricks in the wall (3) and comfortably numb. But those are only a few of the great songs. Some songs of more personally experience would be the ones such as Mother, Bring the boys back home, and Nobody Home, which refer to how his dad was in WWII. Also songs about how society creates barriers such as Goodbye Blue Sky and The Thin Ice of Life. Life is also very unforgiving, Roger Waters bring this up in songs like Hey You and Run like Hell. The musical genre of Pink Floyd can only be described as incredible, or Floydian. The mix of constant , yet laid back , drums with calm fills and streaming guitar with easy to the ear licks and a bass the doesn’t crowd the stage is superb. And who can forget the vocals that send out the unforgettable life lessons and messages. This album is a necessity to anyone who likes to think of themselves as a classic rock listener, better yet any who considers themselves an enjoyer of music.... Free Essays on Pink Floyd's The Wall Free Essays on Pink Floyd's The Wall Pink Floyd's "The Wall" is more than just a CD; it's a surreal experience through the mind of a genius. It’s 26 unique, flowing pieces of amazing music. Roger Waters’s first inspiration for this album was his feelings of alienation from himself the experiences presented in the album can be applied to any problem or "wall" in ones mind. Each song connects to the next one, making for no pauses or stops between the masterpieces. Also it makes you sit down and listen to the entire CD to get all the enjoyment out of it, not just skip to the singles. Possibly some of the most famous songs in rock history are on this CD, those being all the bricks in the wall (3) and comfortably numb. But those are only a few of the great songs. Some songs of more personally experience would be the ones such as Mother, Bring the boys back home, and Nobody Home, which refer to how his dad was in WWII. Also songs about how society creates barriers such as Goodbye Blue Sky and The Thin Ice of Life. Life is also very unforgiving, Roger Waters bring this up in songs like Hey You and Run like Hell. The musical genre of Pink Floyd can only be described as incredible, or Floydian. The mix of constant , yet laid back , drums with calm fills and streaming guitar with easy to the ear licks and a bass the doesn’t crowd the stage is superb. And who can forget the vocals that send out the unforgettable life lessons and messages. This album is a necessity to anyone who likes to think of themselves as a classic rock listener, better yet any who considers themselves an enjoyer of music....

Heterogeneous Definition (Science)

Heterogeneous Definition (Science) The word heterogeneous is an adjective that means composed of different constituents or dissimilar components. In chemistry, the word is most often applied to a heterogeneous mixture. This is one which has a non-uniform composition. A mixture of sand and water is heterogeneous. Concrete is heterogeneous. In contrast, a homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition. An example is a mixture of sugar dissolved in water. Whether a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous is largely dependent on the scale or sample size. For example, if you look at a container of sand, it may appear to have evenly distributed particles (be homogeneous). If you viewed the sand under a microscope, you might find unevenly distributed clumps of different materials (heterogeneous). In materials science, specimens may consist entirely of the same metal, element, or alloy, yet display heterogeneous phases or crystal structure. For example, a piece of iron, while homogeneous in composition, might have regions of martensite and others of ferrite. A sample of the element phosphorus might contain both white and red phosphorus. In the broader sense, any group of dissimilar objects may be described as being heterogeneous. A group of people might be heterogeneous with respect to age, weight, height, etc.

ARM, Intel and the microprocessor industry in 2014 Literature review

ARM, Intel and the microprocessor industry in 2014 - Literature review Example They had a feeling that sales favored ARM as their sales did not reflect the center of the ecosystem. Some observers felt that this would result to Intel making decisive actions. Intel was famous because it had good cash flow and upgraded technology. 40% of semiconductors are classified as microprocessors that have the circuit needed for computers. The remaining 60% are used for simple processors that have specific use such as the greeting cards. Even if they are less flexible they cannot be programmed once they have been installed (Grant & Jordan, 2012, P 15). Their shares of microprocessors have been increasing and it passed 50% in the year 2010. Microprocessors are manufactured through a complex process. The leading player is the US giant Intel that produced processors through its own architecture of x86. Their processors were used in the growing segments such as manufacturing of smart phones and tablets. This increased their sales from 12% in 2010 to 22% in 2012. They also became dominants by manufacturing gadgets at low cost and chrome book that was introduced by Google. The key selling strategy of ARM was through designing gadgets that consumed little energy. This was an important aspect of gadgets that needed to utilize energy that have limited battery capacity. This strategy seemed to be a good factor for some years to come. However the emission of low battery car was being improved. Commenters had begun to take an interest in the rivalry between Intel and ARM. These were different companies with different business models. And because of this neither of the two companies was justified to continue with the spoils with the way they have been doing. The final challenge is expected in network servers where ARM chips were being displayed. There are many processors in servers that are tightly fixed together, thus become a major challenge to keep them cool for long. Low energy chips consume low energy while operating thus cutting down costs. In the

Final report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Final report - Essay Example rban forests sustainability largely depends on the people’s attitudes, character and activities on urban trees such as planting, land development, plant injury and pruning. Users of urban forests include the public, private enterprises and local economic groups among others. Management bodies formulate appropriate policies; apportion appropriate resources and manpower to implement urban forest projects. Managers must consider how to integrate public safety of urban forested areas and open spaces into the planning and management of urban forests. Tree selection is critical to ensuring that urban forests are diverse, healthy, and adapted to the urban environment, Environmental Commissioner of Ontario (2005). Urban forestry is a form of biophysical urban forest ecosystems management which is both dynamic and complex. It comprises of all trees found within a city, amidst large human populations and artificial infrastructure. Reports in Arborday (nd), indicate that this practice has a variety of benefits which benefit the lives of all urban dwellers. The focus of managing urban forests is on acquisition of non- tangible benefits. Sustainable urban forest management decisions focus on human safety, health, and psycho – socio benefits and tree disturbance by engineering works. These benefits include social, aesthetic, environmental and economic benefits. With the tremendous growth of urban areas and a subsequent high population growth outside the urban areas, urban forestry forms a fundamental basis of human livelihood. Rapid urban growth poses a threat to both the ancient natural forests as well as the urban forests. Urbanization causes a potential risk of changes in the social syste ms and attitudes, with a notion of less environmental concern and consumption behavior. Unfortunately, local planning procedures fail to consider the impact of urbanization in regards to community development. This causes a challenge to the local management agencies and forestry